南海钙质砂的动剪切模量与阻尼比试验研究

岩土体的动剪切模量和阻尼比是土工建筑物、近海场地动力稳定性分析中的主要动力学参数,为评价南海钙质砂的动力学特性,利用美国GCTS共振柱测试系统,对取自南海地区的钙质砂进行共振柱试验,研究固结压力、相对密实度对其动剪切模量和阻尼比的影响,并与石英砂进行对比分析。研究发现:相同的试验条件下,钙质砂的最大动剪切模量、阻尼比均大于石英砂;从总体而言,钙质砂的动剪切模量在剪应变小于0.1%时大于石英砂动剪切模量,在大于0.1%时两者趋于一致,其动剪切模量比G/Gmax随剪应变γ衰减的速度快于石英砂。根据试验结果建立钙质砂动剪切模量比G/Gmax、阻尼比D的数学模型,并结合现有的钙质砂动剪切模量比及阻尼比研究成果,给出钙质砂动剪切模量比和阻尼比的变化范围,为钙质砂场地工程建设中建筑物动力稳定性分析提供依据。     

水下爆炸对比格犬损伤试验研究

为研究水下爆炸下水中作战人员的损伤模式和阈值,作者使用试验专用比格犬作为人体替代物,分别开展了克级、千克级TNT水下爆炸试验,直接观察到比格犬在水下爆炸冲击波与气泡脉动作用下的全过程响应,试验结果表明：水下爆炸作用下,含气器官如肺、听器等,遭遇冲击波、气泡、负压等载荷的作用,损伤最为严重,且无论头部是否露出水面,脑部都会产生一定程度的损伤;在同等水下爆炸条件下,潜泳战位比格犬的损伤半径约为泅渡战位的2.5倍;获取了泅渡与潜泳战位比格犬在水下爆炸下的损伤模式和阈值,可为人员水下爆炸冲击伤预测和救治提供参考。     

水下航行体超声速射流与尾空泡耦合作用初期的流场特性

针对航行体水下垂直发射过程,利用固体火箭发动机在尾空泡内点火实现有控运动,是保证复杂因素干扰下航行体弹道稳定的重要手段。基于流体体积模型、标准k-ε湍流模型和动网格技术,通过求解雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程,获得超声速射流与尾空泡耦合作用初期的流场特性及其演化规律。结果表明：航行体出筒后形成的半椭球状附体尾空泡,在超声速射流作用下逐渐演变成葫芦状,其内部流动受到破坏后进行重构,没有形成回射流现象;超声速射流完全受限在尾空泡内发展,射流流动主要位于径向尺寸和喷管出口直径相当的核心区内,在射流卷吸作用和空泡界面影响下,尾空泡内相继出现了一次涡环和二次涡环结构;航行体尾部与筒口中心位置压力呈现宽幅振荡特征,最大振幅约为发射水深压力的1.2倍,致使射流结构和航行体受到的实际总推力出现大幅度振荡变化。     

基于虚拟正交试验的发动机冷却风扇设计参数优化

汽车冷却风扇的设计参数决定其工作性能,进而对整车散热性能有直接影响。采用计算流体力学的方法,分析风扇轴向伸入距离、风扇与风扇罩径向间隙和风扇旋转中心偏移距离三种不同参数对散热器进风量和风扇有效功率的影响规律。在此基础上,通过虚拟正交试验的多目标耦合分析,得到风扇设计参数的优化方案。并通过数值仿真与整车热平衡试验对优化方案进行验证。结果显示,优化后车型在模拟爬坡工况下,散热器,冷凝器进风量和风扇有效功率分别提升10.89%、4.08%和12.78%,发动机表面温度降低0.91℃,发动机舱散热性能显著提升,内部温度分布状况明显改善。     

环肋圆柱壳结构焊接残余应力和变形的数值模拟

运用有限元软件ANSYS的APDL语言,对耐压圆柱壳结构的焊接残余应力和变形编制计算程序,运用生死单元技术,对结构进行焊接热应力分析,得到环肋圆柱壳结构的焊接残余应力分布和焊接残余变形.计算结果表明,轴向焊接残余应力在结构肋骨附近呈双峰形态,以及残余变形在焊缝处(肋骨所在位置)最为剧烈,焊接轴向残余应力总体上来说比较小...     

Ti对SiCp/6092铝基复合材料激光焊焊缝组织和性能的影响

采用不同厚度的Ti箔作为填充材料对SiC_p/6092铝基复合材料进行激光焊接,分析不同含量Ti元素对焊缝组织和焊接接头力学性能的影响. 结果表明,Ti箔的加入可以有效改善熔池流动性,从而减少焊缝区的工艺型气孔. 同时,填加Ti箔可以避免激光直接照射在母材上引起的低熔点元素烧损. 在激光的照射下,Ti箔完全熔化并与在热传导作用下部分熔化的母材金属发生冶金反应,Ti元素含量过少时,界面反应得不到有效抑制,焊缝中仍分布有大量的脆性相,Ti元素对焊接接头的力学性能改善不明显;Ti元素含量过多时,Ti元素在熔池中未能扩散开,富余的Ti元素与Al元素反应生成Al₃Ti. 过分长大的Al₃Ti呈片状,将对接头的力学性能不利. 因此,向熔池中加入适量Ti元素有利于改善熔池冶金反应,从而提升接头力学性能,焊接接头的最大抗拉强度可达206 MPa.     

Numerical study of friction-induced vibration and noise on groove-textured surface

A numerical study was performed to predict the squeal instability when a sphere sliding on a groove-textured surface through complex eigenvalue analysis, which was discussed with the experimental results. It is shown that the friction system had a propensity to cause squeal instability. Mode coupling was found when squeal occurred. The calculated dominant frequency of squeal was close to the experimental measured one. The numerical model created can be used to predict the squeal instability of the friction system. Sphere sliding along groove showed potential in reducing squeal instability compared to the case of sphere sliding across groove.     

基于CAN总线的嵌入式设备状态监测平台设计

为了满足在实验室中通过多种设备监测健康运行状态的需求,本文设计了一种基于CAN总线的嵌入式设备状态监测平台。系统硬件基于STM32F103芯片,外接数据采集、存储、传输和显示模块。软件应用μC/OS-II系统作为嵌入式操作系统,设计了CAN通信的状态机和指令,采用μC/GUI提供的接口函数来绘制用户界面。整个系统结构清晰、扩展性强,具有一定实用价值。     

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF FREE SURFACE VORTEX

An experimental model was set up to investigate the formation and evolution of the free surface vortex. A Particle Image Velocimetry （PIV） was used to measure the free surface vortex flow field at different development stages. Flow visualization was used to locate the vortex position and find its structure. Empirical formulas about the critical submergence and the whole field structure were obtained. It is found that the tangential velocity distribution is similar to that of the Rankine vortex and the radial velocity changes little in the vortex functional scope. Vortex starts from the free surface and gradually intensifies to air entrainment vortex. The vortex core moves during the formation and evolution of the free surface vortex. Based on the experimental model, the vortex position and structure were predicted by numerical simulation combined with a vortex model and compared with that of the experiments, which shows satisfactory agreement.     

A study of axial compression of metallic hemispherical domes

The present paper deals with the experimental and computational analysis of the deformation behaviour of the metallic spherical shells subjected to axial compression. Axial compression of aluminium spherical shells of R/t values ranging from 26 to 45 was performed between two parallel platens. In experiments all the spherical shells were found to collapse in an axisymmetric mode. A finite element computational model of the development of the axisymmetric mode of collapse is also presented. In the proposed finite element model the material of the deforming dome has been idealized as rigid viscoplastic. Experimental and computed results are compared to validate the computational model. Effects of different process parameters on the deformation behaviour of the shells are presented and discussed.